小蛙家的3+1兔日記

阿白曰: 晚上回家會補上原網址出處，感謝小曼提供原始資料。

這篇文章，是為了最近常在半夜痙攣的兔寶(淚)……………………….

2007.1.12

Seizures and their various causes

        痙攣及其成因

True seizures are rare in rabbits. When observed, they show a swift onset and last a few minutes. Recovery is generally complete. In rare cases, seizures leave the rabbit in a comatose state or can be accompanied by blindness. Seizure-like behavior is often related to intense pain, with the rabbit throwing itself on its side; eyes rolling in their pocket.

Idiopathic epilepsy has been observed in white furred, blue-eyed rabbits.

The cause of the seizure must be determined, before starting medication. The treatment of seizures in rabbits is commonly attempted with diazepam or midazolam, and short-term administration of glucocorticoids, in order to reduce the inflammation. In some cases, antiepileptic drugs are administrated to rabbits; unfortunately, their efficiency decreases with time.

痙攣在兔子上並不常見，發生時通常都是突然開始，並且會持續上幾分鐘，之後會逐漸恢復正常。在某些特殊例子中，痙攣會讓兔子進入昏睡狀態或是可能伴隨著失明的情況。類似痙攣的行為往往與密集的疼痛有關，兔子出現往側邊翻滾、眼睛上吊的情形。

原發性的癲癇則曾在白毛藍眼的兔子身上發現過。

在進行醫療給藥之前，必須先確定痙攣的原因。

兔子痙攣處方通常會使用diazepam(鎮定劑)或midazolam，以及短期glucocorticoids處方，以減少炎症反應。在某些病例中，抗癲癇藥物會被用開給兔子當處方，但不幸地是，這些藥物會隨著時間而減低其效用。

Differential diagnosis for seizure in rabbits

兔子不同痙攣原因診斷

1.      Viral infection1.病毒性感染

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) related encephalitis

疱疹病毒 Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (與腦炎有關)  

Viral Hemorrhagic Disease (VHD), terminal stage

    病毒性出血病(Viral Hemorrhagic Disease (VHD)末期症狀

2.Parasitic infestation     寄生蟲感染

Presence of burrowing (rodent) mites  穿孔性蹣 

3.Central nervous system (CNS)   中樞神經系統

Trauma or disease of the CNS

中樞神經系統受到創傷或感染

Encephalitozoon cuniculi in the brain，accompanied by an inflammatory response of brain cells

腦炎小胞子蟲Encephalitozoon cuniculi，伴隨腦細胞炎症反應

Pasteurella multocida related encephalitis or otitis interna

Pasteurella multocida感染，與腦炎或內耳炎有關

Toxoplasmosis 住血原蟲病

4.Systemic causes 系統性原因      

Gastro-intestinal stasis, accompanied by severe pain

胃腸道遲鈍，伴隨重度疼痛

Terminal hepatic lipidosis and ketosis

脂肪肝或酮症末期

Azotemia (excess of nitrogen in the blood), eventually accompanied by renal failure.

氮血症(血中過多氮)，最後伴隨出現腎衰竭

Hyper- or hypoglycemia

血糖過高或過低症

Hyper- or hypocalcemia

高鈣血或低鈣血症

Magnesium deficiency

錳缺乏症

Cardiac disease

心臟病

Pregnancy toxemia

妊娠毒血症

5.“Mechanical” causes “機械性”原因

Arteriosclerosis and mineralization of main blood vessels

血管動脈硬化以及礦化

Mineralization of the brain blood vessels/arteriosclerosis

腦血管礦化 /動脈硬化

Tumor, neoplasia, abscess, or lesion that invades a sensitive part of brain tissue, or the nervous system

腫瘤，良性腫瘤，膿包或侵入腦部敏感組織或神經系統的病兆。

Surface irritation, e.g. rubbing fur, piece of hay trapped in anal gland

   表面性的刺激，像是毛髮摩擦，牧草陷進肛門腺。

Agonal phenomenon

    死前(出現的)現象

6.Medication 藥物引起

Administration of high dosages of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (e.g. Baytril)

 高劑量的fluroquinolone類藥物(例:Baytril)

7.Toxicity 中毒

Toxic plants  有毒植物

Insecticide   殺蟲劑

Fertilizer     肥料

Lead          鉛                 

(以上原始資料   2003.04.20)

http://www.medirabbit.com/EN/Neurology/seizure.htm